For decades, Spain has been one of the most popular destinations for British residents seeking a better quality of life. From the warm climate and relaxed lifestyle to excellent healthcare and beautiful coastal towns, it’s easy to see why so many people choose to relocate.
However, since Brexit, British citizens moving to Spain now face different visa and residency requirements. The days of automatic freedom of movement are over, and careful planning is essential before making the move.
This guide explains everything British residents need to know about Spanish visas, residency rules, and practical considerations when relocating to Spain.
Why Do British Residents Move to Spain?
Spain continues to attract UK citizens for many reasons:
- A warmer climate and outdoor lifestyle
- Lower cost of living in many regions compared to the UK
- Excellent food, culture, and healthcare
- Strong British expat communities
- Easy access back to the UK
Whether you are retiring, working remotely, starting a business, or simply looking for a lifestyle change, Spain remains an appealing option, provided you understand the legal requirements.
Brexit and Its Impact on Moving to Spain
Since 1 January 2021, British citizens are no longer EU citizens. This means:
- UK nationals are treated as third-country nationals
- You can no longer live in Spain long-term without a visa
- Time spent in Spain is limited without residency
British citizens can still visit Spain visa-free for up to 90 days in any 180-day period, but this is strictly for tourism and does not allow you to work or reside permanently.
To live in Spain long-term, you must apply for the appropriate visa before arriving.
Spanish Visa Options for British Citizens
The right visa depends on your personal circumstances, income, and intentions in Spain.
1. Non-Lucrative Visa (Ideal for Retirees)
The Non-Lucrative Visa is one of the most popular options for British residents moving to Spain, particularly retirees or those with passive income.
This visa allows you to live in Spain without working.
Key requirements include:
- Proof of sufficient financial means (savings, pensions, investments)
- Private health insurance with full cover in Spain and with no co-payments
- Clean criminal record
- Medical certificate confirming good health
- Valid Passport
This visa is initially granted for one year, renewable, and can eventually lead to permanent residency.
2. Work and Residence Visa
If you plan to work for a Spanish company, you will need a work and residence visa.
Important points:
- A job offer from a Spanish employer is required
- The employer must sponsor the application
- The role must usually demonstrate that no suitable EU candidate was available
- This type of Visa is aimed highly skilled professionals, transferring within the same company to a different country, general employment routes.
This visa ties your residency to your employment, so changing jobs often requires a new application.
3. Self-Employed or Entrepreneur Visa
British citizens wishing to start a business or work as freelancers in Spain may qualify for a self-employed visa.
You will need to provide:
- A detailed business plan
- Proof of qualifications or experience
- Evidence of financial viability
- Relevant licences or permits
This option suits entrepreneurs, consultants, and business owners planning to operate legally within Spain.
4. Digital Nomad Visa
Spain now offers a Digital Nomad Visa, which has become increasingly popular with British residents who work remotely.
This visa is designed for:
- Remote workers employed by non-Spanish companies
- Freelancers with international clients
It allows you to live and work legally in Spain while remaining employed abroad, subject to income thresholds, tax considerations and having private health insurance
5. Student Visa
British citizens studying in Spain can apply for a student visa.
Requirements typically include:
- Confirmation of enrolment in an accredited course
- Proof of financial means
- Health insurance
Student visas may allow limited working hours, depending on the course and conditions.
How to Apply for a Spanish Visa from the UK
Spanish visas must be applied for before travelling to Spain, usually through a Spanish Consulate in the UK.
The general process is:
- Identify the correct visa type
- Gather required documentation (documentation may include – Valid passport, proof of funds to support yourself financially, private health insurance, background checks, proof of address where you will be staying (tenancy agreement/ hotel booking / title deeds of a property), medical certificate, passport photos, and completed visa application form completed).
- Submit the application at the Spanish Consulate
- Attend an interview (if required)
- Wait for approval and collect your visa
Processing times vary, so it’s recommended to apply several months in advance.
Please note requirements may change depending on Visa you are applying for so whilst this is a general list, it is best to always check the Spanish Consulate in the UK website for up-to-date information.
What Happens After You Arrive in Spain?
Once in Spain, new residents must complete several important steps:
NIE Number
The Número de Identidad de Extranjero (NIE) is your foreigner identification number and is essential for:
- Buying property
- Opening a bank account
- Paying taxes
TIE Card
You must apply for a TIE (Foreigner Identity Card) within 30 days of arrival.
Empadronamiento
Registering with your local town hall (padrón) confirms your address and is required for many administrative processes.
Tax Residency in Spain
You are considered a Spanish tax resident if:
- You spend more than 183 days per year in Spain, or
- Your main economic interests are in Spain
Tax residents must declare worldwide income in Spain. This is a critical area where professional advice is strongly recommended.
Healthcare for British Residents in Spain
Most visa types require private health insurance with full cover and no excess.
Some retirees may be eligible for healthcare via an S1 form, but eligibility depends on personal circumstances and should be confirmed in advance.
Common Mistakes British Buyers Make
- Assuming Brexit rules don’t apply
- Arriving in Spain without the correct visa
- Underestimating processing times
- Not understanding tax residency rules
- Using tourist stays as long-term solutions
Planning correctly from the start avoids costly and stressful mistakes.
Can British Residents Buy Property in Spain Without a Visa?
Yes, British citizens can buy property in Spain without being residents.
However, owning property does not grant residency. If you plan to live in Spain long-term, you must still meet visa requirements.
Looking for a property? Start your search here
Final Thoughts: Planning Your Move to Spain
Moving to Spain as a British resident is absolutely achievable, but the process is now more structured than before. Understanding visa options, residency rules, and legal obligations is essential for a smooth transition. Please check out the following link for up to date information and to make an appointment to apply for a VISA from London:
https://uk.blsspainvisa.com/london/
The BLS International Services is the preferred outsourced partner to the Consulate of Spain in the UK.
With the right preparationand guidance, youur move to Spain can be an exciting and rewarding new chapter.
If you are considering buying property or relocating, working with experienced local professionals can make all the difference.